IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLOUR MILL NIGERIA PLC

ABSTRACT

Corporate Social Responsibility is a wonderful but still new concept in the business arena. The researcher investigated what relationship exists between Corporate Social Responsibility and Organization Performance? What specific ways has the organization adopted in integrating the Corporate Social Responsibility strategy with its operations? And how can Corporate Social Responsibility strategy be improved upon in other to improve the organization’s performance? From the literature reviewed, some writers saw Corporate Social responsibly as a concept that businesses can adopt when they feel like, because according to them, there is no inherent benefits accruable from such practices whereas a majority of others are in support of it. In this study, the researcher has concentrated on the responses of the employees, whose decisions and actions improve or mar the success of the organization. To reduce the variableness and biasness, the researcher made use of primary and secondary data, questions were framed around these factors and responses to them were carefully noted. The statistical tool employed for analyzing the data collected for this research include simple percentage, mean and frequency distribution table. The Chi-square (X2) was used for testing the hypotheses to determine how respondents react to issue concerning Corporate Social Responsibility. The research analysis and conclusion were based on results of the interviews from Flour Mill, Kaduna. The results pointed out that there is a positive correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility and the growth and development of companies. The result also shows that the organization integrates Corporate Social Responsibility into its operations to improve organizational performance. Finally, the researcher recommends that Organizations’ code of business conduct should define ethical, legal as well as moral standards and expectation in its daily operations, organizations should take stakeholders’ needs into consideration while making operational decisions and they should maintain a caring workplace atmosphere in which people sincerely care about the well-being of others.

THE IMPACT OF BRANDING STRATEGIES IN SALES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS,

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The word brand originated from the word TO BURN, which later passed into old English as BIERMAN and old French as BRINIER. The words quickly move from literal to metaphorical. The practice of marking or given identification to animals led to brand as a mark of ownership (Wells, Farley and Armstrong, 2007).

The success of any business or consumer product depends in part on the target markets ability to distinguish one product from another (Koll and Wallpach, 2009). Branding is the principal instrument used by marketers and companies to distinguish their products from that of competitors. It is regarded perhaps that, the most distinctive skills of professional marketers is their ability to create, maintain, protect and enhance brands. For centuries, business people have been devising ways to identify their wares and to distinguish them from those of competitors. Pictures were used in the early years because many potential customers were illiterate. Meaningless product names such as Kodak as created in 1988 by George Eastman, however, branding goes beyond just choosing a product name. In effect, a brand can encompass a name, a phrase, a design, a symbol or any combination of these so as to distinguish one product from another (Koll and Wallpach, 2009). A brand name is that portion of the brand which can be spoken, including letters, words or numbers. A brand mark is that portion of the brand that cannot be expressed verbally, such as a graph design or a symbol. Some of the worlds most recognize brands are Mercedes-Benz. A brand mark is often referred to as logo, but it must be noted that a logo can also refer to distinctive type or style such as coca- cola‟s elegant script. Many companies offer several brands under one company name. In developing a marketing strategy for individual products, the responsibilities rest on the shoulders of the seller to confront the branding decision. In product strategy, branding is one of the most important issues that must be considered (Koll and Wallpach, 2009).

This research work intends to identify the effect that brand (name) have on company‟s profit. It is of great importance that companies create a name that could easily be identified by target market and also helps to distinguish the product in question from those of competing products. Brand is defined as name, term, sign, symbol or combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Wonglorsaichon and Sathianrapabayut, 2008).

Branding begun many centuries before the word acquire its modern usage. The ancient Greek and Romans had various forms of promoting their goods. Messages would be written informing the public that this man who lived over there at this address could make shoes or was a scribe. In the early periods, advertising and marketing in the literal sense was done on personal basis with the name of particular individual as important as that of his products or services. The modern development of this can be seen in the name of a private shopkeeper over his shop. Some of the best name chain store names have originated as that over a single establishment. In the earliest days, shops as distinct from individuals were quick to sell their goods by using pictures. For example, in Rome, a butchers shop would display a sign depicting a row of hams, a shoemaker, one of a boot. Such pictorial promotion was the forerunner of many shops which are still familiar today. A more sophisticated and literate age has led to the use of virtual signs and pun to suggest and suggest the brand name concerned. Since the earliest times, producers have used their brands or marks to distinguish their products.

In any business organization, the choice of a brand is a very critical decision as the name affects customers‟ image and attitude towards the product and the firm. Thus, it is a contributing factor in making it a winner or loser in the competitive market. This suggests that organizations should consider a number of factors when selecting a brand name, which is one of the most difficult tasks in marketing operations. Branding should therefore, improve the company‟s image, boost sales and increase profits. It could therefore result into a strong and healthy relationship between the introduction of new brands and increase on return and investments (Asika, 2006).

This study primarily focuses on impact of branding strategy on sales of consumer products of Coca-Cola. This is with a view to highlighting the various branding strategies put in place by organizations to build, sustain and enhance profitability as well as assessing its impact on the firm.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Branding is an important issue in any organization. This is because without a proper branding of a firm’s products, it’s difficult for the firm to run its operation smoothly for profit. As consumer become more sophisticated, manufacturers place more emphasis upon promoting their brands directly to consumers (rather than to distributors) spending considerable sums on advertising the high quality of their products thus profitability. Furthermore branding has been a major issue especially in developing countries. As a result in order to explain the relationship between branding and profitability in developed countries (Asika, 2006).

 However, despite the above importance this issue failed to attract the attention of researchers in Nigeria. Thus, while searching on internet, browsing through the books and journals the researcher didn’t find directly related research topics carried out in Nigeria (Asika, 2006).

Producers believe that they will be less susceptible to demand from distributors for extra discount to stock their brands. For some products (e.g.) perfumes and alcoholic drinks), considerable effort has been devoted to promoting brands to reflect the personality of their likely purchasers. Marketing research has indeed shown that for these products consumers can be persuaded to buy brands that enhance the image they have of themselves. Manufacturers believe that if they invest in the quality of their brands they will build up a brand image to which consumers will respond by asking for their foods by their brand names and by being willing to pay a premium for them (Topoyan and Bulut, 2008).

Therefore the researchers believed that the problem is almost untouched and there is a knowledge gap on the area. It is against this background that the research seeks to investigate whether branding adds to the profitability of manufacturing company.

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The broad objective of the study is to examine the impact of branding strategy on sales of consumer products of Coca-Cola. The study also have the following specific objectives:

1.       To evaluate the different branding strategies adopted by management of Nigerian bottling company.

2.       To identify the extent that product branding has led to increased in profitability and return on investment in the company.

1.4     RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: Branding has no significant effect on the profitability of Nigerian bottling company.

H1: Branding of products has a significant effect on the profitability of Nigerian bottling

       company.

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study by its substantive examination of past literature has contributed to the richness of the past studies. Furthermore, it has reinforced some past knowledge, updated information in studies relating to branding and how it enhances profitability in a manufacturing industry. However, it does not pretend to be a new breakthrough in the frontier of knowledge. This work can be retrieved for use by other researchers and writers particularly in related fields such as the social science and psychology. For these stated reasons, it is hoped that the effort and time expended on this study has been worthwhile.

1.6     SCOPE OF STUDY

The study limits its scope on the manufacturing sector of Nigeria only and precisely on how branding in a manufacturing sector enhances profitability (case of Nigeria Bottling Company). Here, attempts are made to look at concept of branding, product branding, branding strategy, effects of product branding or their significant contribution on organizational profitability.

1.7     OUTLINES OF CHAPTERS

This study is aimed at examining the impact of branding strategies on sales of consumer product in Coca-cola, Kaduna. The research work, therefore, is divided in to six chapters. Chapter one deals with general introduction which provides a background to the study, statement of research problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, hypothesis, scope and limitations of study, and definition of key terms. Chapter Two deals with literature and theoretical framework including branding defined, Product branding, Branding Strategy, Effects of Product Branding on Sales, Principles of Branding.

Chapter three covers research methodology. Chapter four, deals with presentation and analysis of data, test of hypothesis and discussion of findings. Finally, chapter five covers summary, conclusion, recommendations and suggestion for further studies.

THE IMPACT OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY IN THE ENERGY INDUSTRY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In any business organization be it public or private, inventory management serves as an important role on productivity.  It helps organizations to maintain maximum or minimum stock level so as not to over stock or under stock.

This research will show that stocks handled by the company under study ranges from production, maintenance, repairs, operating supplies in processed and finished goods.

It will also show that the company will be involved in the forecasting of store requirement.  The sources of inventories of power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) includes direct Imports Local Sources and Central depots.  

1.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PHCN

Power Holding Company Nigeria Plc (PHCN) was incorporated in year 2005 as part of the provision contained in the electricity reform Act, which was recently signed into law by the president.  PHCN is to take over the Assets and liabilities of NEPA to facilitate the privatization of NEPA.  NEPA, which was established by Decree was primarily to provide electricity to the populace at a very subsidized rates. The organization was part of government social responsibilities and welfares to the general populace.  To ensure even distribution of facilities and social services, the government establishes PHCN.  PHCN helps to control private monopoly of power and helps to combat the unhealthy rural –urban drift of the population.

Stock controls is an important functional branch of PHCN as an organization and needs more attention that it is  actually being presently given.  It  has been viewed in some quarters as an unnecessary activity that really costs money while in some other quarters is regarded as being vital, and a sophisticated method of control is adopted to protect the inventories.

There are organizations where the buying department does not have responsibility for the stores or even the stock control function.  Despite this, the role of buying is still linked with both functions.  All organizations have some stock, which must be cared for, because they represent money.  In a manufacturing organization where large units items are produced daily for instance, large quantities of materials and component parts have to be provided daily as well. 

This obviously means a lot of money and it is therefore to organize store function so that investment cost is kept to the specific standard system of stock control, which can be universally recommend or applied, but in the course of time, certain principles and practices of more or less general application have been evolved.

The term materials as used in this write-up has the same meaning as inventory or stock.  It is necessary to bring out the points at this stage because in financial accounting materials is often known as stock or inventory.  As on accounting category, material stock is a current asset represented by goods owned by the business at a particular point in time and help for the purpose of future sale or for the manufacturing of goods for sale.

Materials management is concerned basically with planning and control of materials.  Control is a process by which events are made to conform to a plan.  Therefore to control materials, there must be a store, where to buy, when to buy, and how much to buy. The items to be stored will be dictated by the basic functions of the firm and the customers it serves.  The suppliers to be selected will be influenced by such factor as the ability of the supplier to supply the quantity of the right quality at the right time and at the right price (right from the point of view of the purchaser).      

The figures so obtained by continuous stock taking are compared with the corresponding figures on the bin card and store ledger cards.  The exercise should not be aware of the balances on the bin cards or store ledger card before the exercise.

Government plays an important role with the total amount invested with the Federal government, state government, local authorities and public corporations for high part profit is not the main determinant, but political and social factors.  Although, cost benefit analysis is used to evaluate the differing projects which a government might consider.  Government had used public work as a means to expand or retain the economy and the commitment of full employment for the private sector industrialist, the factor rather anticipated profitability of the project.  The profitability can be said to depend on the expected future returns

obtained from the purchase of the  equipment.  The later is known before a decision is taken, which the former can be thought as nothing more than a calculated or is inspired guess.

However, whether is s a private or public sector, the acquisition, storage, insurance, and usage of stock in the running of the business must be involved for effectiveness, efficiency and productivity of the business.  Therefore, functional machinery should be put in place for the proper control of stock or inventory of the organization.

1.2            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Inefficient maintenance of inventory management lead to the poor productivity of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) through.

i.                   Mis-management of the organization

ii.                 The use of  unqualified staff

iii.              Lack of proper stock taking in the organization.

It will be difficult for power holding company of Nigeria to achieve effective inventory management on productivity without considering the above mentioned problems.

1.3            SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The issue of inventory management is of importance to the success of any organization and is one of the significant determinants of the continuity and efficient production of the organization.  This study is significant in many ways, first , it is hoped that the study  will provide further insight into the understanding of stock control management of PHCN as minimum and maximum stock levels and the economic order quality (EOQ) of the company would be examined by the study.

By using the PHCN as a case study,  the study will make an interesting contribution to the understanding of the general and specific effect of inventory control in other public utilities.

In addition to helping the public utility sector in taking serious decision on stock management , will also serve the interest of private sector organizations as well as the general public a source of knowledge since it will enrich corpus of existing literature on management of stock.

The supervising ministry, the ministry of power and Steel would also benefit from this study.

1.4            OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Everybody sees a public property as a national cake, which belongs to all and everybody must benefit from it whether or not they have authority to use it besides, public property does not belong to anybody.  Thus, there exist the Laissez-faire and lackadaisical attitude towards public priority. Coupled with this there is also the problem of proper management and control of stock.  These are some of the problems confronting of the economics of the world.  It is therefore the intention of this research work:

1.           To examine the nature and usage of inventory management measures applied to PHCN

2.           To determine the nature and extent of problems affecting management of stock in the public sector organizations with particular reference to PHCN.

3.           To determine the viability of such inventory management measures

4.           To attempt providing alternative strategies on effective management of stock, where necessary.

1.5            STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

In order to facilitate the process of data collection and analysis, the following hypothesis would be tested in the study.

H0: efficient inventory management does not contribute to efficient running and success of the organization.

H1: Effective inventory management contribute efficient running and success of the organization.

1.6            SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The research project intends to look into the management of stock or  inventory  in energy industry with particular reference for the distribution and marketing sectors of PHCN.  The study will cover PHCN activities that sum up the role of effective stock control, store procedure and various control mechanism.  The public sector is wide and complex, and this worth is basically expository.  Though relevant, references may be made to  other areas, the basic area of focus remains the power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Kaduna State branch.

A research work is not an easy task to overcome.  There are occasions when research encounter problems, which are basic and unavailable.  This research work is not an exception considering the magnitude of time and financé involve in the study and considering also the difficulties of data collection from other public utilities, the study will only be limited to PHCN, because of the time and financial constraints.

1.7            DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are frequently used, in the specific sense they have been defined:  Load or procurement time: The period of time, expressed in days, months, etc between ordering (either externally or internally) and replenish i.e, when the goods are available for use.

Demand: The amount required by sales productions etc. usually expressed as a rate of demand per week, month, etc. estimates of the rate of demand during the lead time are critical factors in inventory management systems.

ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) ECONOMIC BATCH QUANTITY (EBQ)

This is a calculated ordering quantity, which minimize, the balance of cost between inventory holding cost and re-order cost.

Physical Stock:  The number of items physical in stock at a given time.

Free stock: Physical stock plus standing replenishment orders minus unfulfilled requirements. 

Buffer stock or minimum or safety stock: A stock allowance to cover errors in forecasting the lead-time or the demand during the lead-time.

Maximum stock: A stock level selected as the mopeium disable which is used as indicator to show when stock have risen to high.

Re-order level: The level of stock of which a further replenishment order should be placed.  The re-order level is dependent upon the lead-time and the demanding during the lead time.

Re-order quantity: The quantity of the replenishment order.  In some types of inventory control systems this is the EOQ, but in some order systems a different value is used.

Continue stock checking; Is the checking by counting of physical quantities of materials in store regularly, a few at a time until items are checked at least once a year.     

    

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANPOWER PLANNING IN AN ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER ONE

1.0        INTRODUCTION

The economic development of any country depends on the quantity and quality of its resources human and material technology etc. Available in the country and the efficient development of those resources on both for production and consumption processes.

Labour constitutes the single most vital component of the resources available go the industrialist in the process of meeting the consumer demand for his product or service. Thus, the importance of the human reasonable asserted and correctly believed that the quantity of a firm’s labour its success, survival and growth.

Therefore, for profitable and competitive existence, the management of an organization has it as a duty to pay adequate careful and sustained attention to the problems and prospects of its labour rather than been negligent which may jeopardize the firm’s survival and profitability.

Personal management is a branch of management, which involves planning, or organizing, controlling, co-ordinating the human effort in an organization for the attainment of desired goals..  Supply out, it is the process of getting the best out of the available human resources and making them to keep intune with the organization goal with little or no resistance.

However, personal management can be looked at from two different angles. First, as a function or responsibilities of manager of supervisor who has people under him, all of who are working toward the achievement of desired goals.

Secondly, as a function of an organization, which is performed by a particular department, the personnel department, because human behavior is changing and unpredictable, it is the personnel manager’s responsibilities to take organize of this unpredictable human behavior of man.

Personal activities can be classified into four areas; policy formations policy implementation audit and control and innovation, problem areas in which personal specialist and executives ought to innovate are goal working conditions, job design, remuneration and a sound manpower planning personal function is responsible for executing the personal policies and strategies while the staff working in the personal department are usually responsible for providing advice, guidance and assistance to both management and employees on matters effecting employment.

The research is geared towards knowing how amicable assurance PLC has been able to tackle manpower effectiveness in order to attain organizational goals.

1.1   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMICABLE ASSURANCE

Amicable Assurance Plc was incorporated as a private liability company on 7^th January 1972 under Companies act of 1968 with registration Rc 9674 with the name guarantee Assurance Corporation (NIG) ltd.

The corporation name was subsequently change by special resolution dated 17^th January and 12^th July, 1978 first to Nigerian Amicable, Assurance plc. The company was converted from private to public liability company in 1986 and was admitted to the Nigerian stock. Exchange on second tries security marketed in 1987 and up greater to the first tries marketed in 1991. It was the first indigenous insurance company to be listed on the in Nigerian stock exchange.

The initial authorized paid up capital was #70,680.00 and its first registered head office was located at 116, Nnamdi Azikiwa street Lagos. The company now owns the six stories Amicable at 22, Herbert Marcarly Street Ebute Meta, Lagos which serves as the corporate head office where underwriting and general Administration are handled.

Between 1973, and 1974, the company had opened four branches, office in Aba. Ibadan, Onitsha and Ile-Ife. In order to ensure closeness to individuals and corporate client as well as respectable intermediaries the company has also established physical presence in Ikeja, Apapa Ojuelegba and Ketu all in Lagos.

Amicable has spread its services to Kano, Benin, Warri and port Harcourt to cater effectively for all Nigerians and plans are in progress to open another office in the federal capital territory Abuja.

1.1.1 OBJECTIVES OF AMICABLE ASSURANCE

The company was registered under insurance company Act of 1961 to transact business in life and pension scheme.

The company is determined to uplist he standard of insurance practice in the country. It also has the following objectives.

i.             To provide quality services to numerous clients through the use of high qualified, dedicated and efficient insurance professionals.

ii.            To place high priority on prompt settlement of the nuine claim to satisfy numerous Clients.

iii.          To reward adequate the numerous shareholders all over the country.

iv.          To maintain consistent growth in the insurance industry by consolidating its position through rendering of innovation and improves quality service satisfactory to the needs of the clients.

v.           To provide adequate reward for employee positive construction to company’s achievement

Thus, with total soft strength of 156 spread across management, senior and junior cadre, Amicable assurance plc is set to improve the standard of professional as it relates  to the practice of insurance in the part of he world with emphasize on the need to provide efficient service that will meet the needs of the numerous customers.

The operation of the Company have been innovation and characterized by prompt efficient service to the public, prompt settlement of claims, marketing programmes, as well as the development of new product to meet changing needs of the insuring public.

For amicable assurance plc in its mission, it as has equipped itself with discipline, qualified and tested motivated professionals of operations for reliability and trust as well as comfortable and easily assessable office premises the company has he responsibility  to ensure efficient operation and profitability.

It will also ensure that insurance laws and other statutory requirements are compiled with. At presence the company is a bundle of hope and inspiration just as it point a positive picture of government involvement in the creating of wealth. Job opportunity, as well as the enabling environment for the growing of commerce and industry.

      THE COMPANY HAS THE FOLLOWING SEATER CHAIN

1.1.2  Board of Directors: - They are he trustee for the shareholders and hence, act on behalf of these shareholders in their best interest and capacity. They established objectives, make policy decisions such as those related to individuals, labour, industrial relation. They can hire, fire or reward the chief executive officers protect the financial integrity and guide against actions that will jeopardize the company.

1.1.2 Chairman/ Managing Director: The corporate planning of the organization is their responsibility, since they are the architects of the firm future, they must operate to accomplish set objectives by creating a conducive working environment, staff relationship, effective and effective communication net working etc.

1.1.3 Top Management: Their function includes: -

1.1.3.1 Integrating the activities of other employees to achieve optimum corporation performance.

1.1.3.2 Integrating the shareholders wishes by translating them into realistic objectives.

1.1.3.3 Directing, guiding and coordinating current operation.

1.1.3.4 Making strategic decisions, setting objectives and performance standards.    

1.1.3.5 Developing and allocating scares resources efficiency.

1.1.4 Lower Management:  their functions includes; -

1.1.4.1 Achieving to set objectives standard and performance.

1.1.4.2 Obedience to organization laws and orders.

1.1.4.3 Punction to work and good attitude to work.

1.2        STATEMENT OF GENERAL PROBLEM 

Amicable Assurance Plc to risk – bearing firm that provides services to the public. The organization needs to recognize the important of personal management in order to implement major politics on manpower planning of the organization

It is vital to say that the specific problems and though manpower planning is practice in the organization it is important to improve upon it.

Personal management is not given required role to play its roles.Most of the non- management staffs are not aware of the company’s personnel policies.

Foremost a view on some general administrative function common to both private and public organizations were analyzed, and consideration of the structural and functional difference bought about by the aims and objectives such organization

The research will therefore have a market difference as compared to other on personnel. Function, even through there is a personnel function, in the administrative seating of Amicable Assurance Plc The Subsidiary aim and objective is based on identifying other manpower planning and personnel function problems of the organization and make any corrective suggestion that can rectify it.

1.3        HYPOTHESIS / RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.   How can we improve manpower planning in an organization?

2.   Why is it that personnel management is not given required role to play in organization?

3.   Why non- management staffs are not aware of the company’s personnel policies?

1.4        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project is intended to be used by personnel mangers, human relation specialist both in private and public sector, students of management and business studies. This project is meant to serve the interest of both employees and manager responsible for human resources management in their various organizations, by providing them with point of reference on issues concerning manpower planning.  

1.5        OBJECTIVE / PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

1.           To improve manpower planning in the organization because of its importance.

2.           To find out the reason why personnel management is not given required role to play.

3.           To find out the reason why non- management staffs are not aware of the company’s personnel policies.

4.           To enhance the ability of manpower planning in an organization.

5.           To educate the personnel to effective contribution to the success of their organization.

1.6        SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY      

Manpower planning and personnel function is a topic that cannot be treated in a narrow scope. The study is limited to Amicable Assurance Plc, only.

In writing a project of this magnitude someone is bound to come across so many problems, which include,

1.           In accessibility to some documents: One of the major problems I encountered during my word was inaccessibility to some confidential document and sensitivity of the company’s records, it is factual that many organization maintain absolute confidentiality on certain information because the research could be possibly working with another rival insurance company and they are on manpower education development programme so therefore disclosure of vital information could be determine to the company.

2.           The factor: Due to the size of the research topic it is obvious that the time to use in competing the research study is relatively short. More so, collecting data and writing such work simultaneously is not and easy task as it is time consuming.

3.           Financial constraint: Due to present economic situation in the country where there is higher inflation in price and income static for some years it is difficult sourcing enough finance to travel to Kano and collect relevant data. And other problems related to research study  

1.7        DEFINITION OF TERMS

Manpower planning – is the name given to the systematic approach to the recruitment, retention, utilization, improvement and dispose of organizations human resources.

Manpower Training: Is the preparation for an occupation or skill and it is meant to undertake work in a higher grade.

Manpower development: Is the process of identifying individuals with high potentials and developing them so that they can assure higher pr longer responsibilities as the organization grows and senior executive retire.

Effectiveness: is that act of producing a satisfactory or desire result at minimum cost.

Corporate objective: is what an organization wants to achieve in a given period

Forecast: is the act of saying in advance what is likely to happen in the future

Company: Means Amicable Assurance Plc.

Division: Any departments of Amicable Assurance Plc.

The Board: Boards of directors of Amicable Assurance Plc.

Managing Directors: The chief executive of the company.

Employees and staff: any person employed by the company pension able term.