CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
The
concept of leadership and motivation refers to the process of obtaining
cooperation, interest, loyalty and full participation of the subordinates. The ability to influence
the behaviour of others through inducing them on a particular direction for the
attainment of an objective.
Any
organization established must have aims and objectives, be it a profit oriented
or a philanthropist organization. Thus it is composed of both the leaders and
the led all performing one activity or the other rewards the attainment of the
organizational objectives.
Leaders are made not born.
If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good
leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education,
training, and experience. This guide will help you through that process. To inspire your workers into higher levels of
teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and, do. These do not
come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders
are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they
are Not resting on their laurels. Leadership is a process by which a person
influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a
way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by
applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics,
character, knowledge, and skills.
Although your position as a
manager, or supervisor. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and
objectives in the organization, this power does not make you a leader, it
simply makes you the boss. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers
want to achieve high goals, rather than simply bossing people around. Bass'
(1989 & 1990) theory of leadership states that there are three basic ways
to explain how people become leaders. The first two explain the leadership
development for a small number of people. These theories are:
·
The personality traits which may lead people naturally into leadership
roles. This is the Trait Theory.
·
A crisis or important event may cause a
person to rise to the occasion, which brings out extraordinary leadership
qualities in an ordinary person. This is the Great Events Theory.
·
People can choose to become leaders. People
can learn leadership skills. This is the Transformational Leadership Theory. It
is the most widely accepted theory today and the premise on which this guide is
based.
When a person is deciding if
she respects you as a leader, she does not think about your attributes, rather,
she observes what you do so that she can know who you really are. She uses this
observation to tell if you are an honorable and trusted leader or a
self-serving person who misuses authority to look good and get promoted.
Self-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey
them, not follow them. They succeed in many areas because they present a good
image to their seniors at the expense of their workers.
The question is what makes a
person want to follow a leader? The
answer is that People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a
clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of
direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future.
The aforementioned has
necessitated the researcher to carry out this study on the Evaluation of
Leadership styles on Employees Productivity in an organization with a reference
to Hamdala Hotel Kaduna
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
It
is believed that action of management has a great impact on the motivation of
employees to put in their best towards the attainment of organizational
objectives. Studies have shown that employees are likely to be highly motivated
and attain higher productivity in an organization when they are recognized as
part of the organization, their effort adequately acknowledged, commendations
and actions are constructively, objectively and fairly given than the
organization characterized with one way pattern of communication, whereby
employees daily work life is subject to insecurity, threats, unnecessary
reprimands, forces and command without input or question from them.
Therefore,
this research work, will want to know:
Ø What
types of leadership styles is adopted in organization?
Ø What
are the attribute of such leaders?
Ø Does
the leadership emanate from the persons or work?
Ø How
does leadership motivate the workers?
1.3 Objectives
of the Study
The objective of this study
is to critically evaluate leadership styles on employee’s productivity. The
specific objectives are
i.
To identify the various approaches to
leadership styles.
ii.
To investigate the impact of leadership on
productivity.
iii.
To identify how originated from persons or
work. influence
iv.
To identify how leadership motivate their
workers.
v.
To identify problems and suggestion regards
to leadership in an organization.
1.4 Statement
of Hypothesis
The
following hypothesis is formulated:
Ho: Leadership
styles has no significant impact on organizational productivity.
Hi: Leadership
style has significant impact on organizational productivity
1.5 Significance
of the Study
The significant of this study
cannot be over emphasized because it is a pre-requisite for the award of Higher
National Diploma in Human Resources Management; it is of great importance to
the writer.
Secondly,
the research is of significance has it enable the contribution made
significantly to organization and to government by indicating some scholars view
and impression on leadership as a sign for leadership roles.
The
study will also give useful advice to mangers on how to have a quality
leadership in their organizations. In the case of Hamdala Hotel, this project
work will enhance its performance and guide in achieving its objectives through
quality of leadership
The project work is to highlight the way and method required
or needed by leadership in producing strong, reliable, effective and efficient
management in organization as it will help in advancing analytical views to
various segment in an organization.
Finally, this material will service as reference to the
different management of various organizations in appraising leadership as there
function.
1.6
SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This
study will limits its scope to the leadership style and staff motivation needs
of an employee in Hamdala Hotel, in order to achieve greater productivity
Emphasis will be placed on the employees of Hamdala Hotel where questionnaires
will be administered and subsequently analyzed. Data analysis can be regarded
as a good representative of Nigerian Hotels with a view that whatever affects Hamdala
Hotel, affects other Hotels of its nature and kind. However, the problems
encountered were noted and solution proffered in the recommendation.
1.7
LIMITATIONS
OF THE STUDY
In
an academic study of this nature, it is envisaged that the researcher will be
confronted with many problems, especially those relating to time and cost. This
will no doubt, have certain effects on inclusions and deductions that would be
made from the research.
In
this case, time constraint on the part of the researcher and lack of fund has
greatly limited my ability to further the research work.
1.8 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF HAMDALA HOTEL, KADUNA
Kaduna
Hotel company limited (Hamdala hotel), the only premier hotel in the north and
one of three (3) in the whole nation is a wholly owned subsidiary of NNDC. The
hotel was incorporated on the 9th of September 1961 and became fully
operational in the year 1963. it has a
total of one hundred and ninety six (196) rooms in the following category;-
a.
Two
(2) presidential suites
b.
Ten
(10) executive suites
c.
Ten (10) V.I,P suites
d.
Six (6) studio suites
e.
Four (4) special char lets.
f.
One hundred and sixty for (164) luxury
doubles.
From
its inception up to the year 1998, Arewa Hotels Development limited, one of the
subsidiaries of NNDC, managed the hotel.
However, in 1998 when NNDC thought of expanding its operations/scope,
the hotel was upgraded to the status of a company limited under the name of Kaduna
The
authorized share capital of the company is fully paid and owned by NNDC.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Leadership styles: This is also known as management styles and
it refers to a leader’s typical way of behaving to his subordinates.
Motivation: The driving force within an employee that
determines his interest in his work.
Productivity: employees output level.
Subordinates: Employees in an organization other than the
top management. Employees under the supervision of a superior officer.
Morale: the perception of action directed towards a
person. The power of the mind which knows or judges action to be right or wrong
and determines conduct accordingly.
Commendation: Praises/reward for acceptable performance or
for meetings target.
Sanction: Disciplinary actions for misconduct.
Reprimands: Blames/queries for deviation from laid down
procedures.