CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Project Management is a subject of study and an
institutional function that cannot be ignored because of the role it plays in
terms of organisational activities result achievement goals or objective.
Solutions from the staggering problems facing the world
today have called for the development of ever large and more complex
system. It is debatable whether project
management or (system management) was developed as a result of management’s
need for a technique to handle such complex problem. However, like the chicken and the egg. It is a useless argument. What is not debatable is the fact that
today’s big, complex and multidimensional organisational problems to objective
attainment required integrated multidisciplinary efforts. Project management provides us such an
approach to problems.
In the time past, many organizations failed to identify
with the importance of project management in their organizational activity
implementation. Failing to understand that almost 50% of either product
development or industry established is a project that needs systematic method
of management as business goes sophisticated in the complex business world.
The knowledge of what it is, and the way they could go
about its implementation having observed its life span. Having observed or recognized
the need for project management, there are some basic premises that must be recognized. First every organization, whether public or
private, produces a product, or provides a service, or does both. All of these organizations want to perform so
that their goods or services are provided at the right time, at minimum cost
(maximum profit) and to the satisfaction of the customer/client or
consumers. Evidence of lack of success
in meeting these goals is found in business failures, firing or replacement of
top executive, reduced profits, and rapidly expanding government bureaucracies.
Sometimes the reasons for these failures are external but more often than not,
the fault is within the organization itself.
Project management has a very wide range of applicability,
its present use only scratches the surface.
It is equally useful in small or large organizations, and for small or
large rich project.
The principles of project management are applicable to
every organization dealing with complexity.
In the past project management has been widely used in the defence
department, the aerospace industry, and in major constrain projects. Now project management is gaining acceptance
in product development. Public works, non-profit organizations, financial
institutions, and in all sections of government. It is particularly useful whenever
considerable co-ordination is required between government agencies and a
customer or between contractor and a client.
The aim of every organization primarily especially the
private sectors, is to maximize profit from minimum inputs. For this reason this essay is with the aim of
broadening and enlightening manager conscience as to what project management is
all about how to implement and control it.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
The role of evaluation has become a problem to many
executives because many executives get into project management with little or
not knowing what they are getting into.
Executive considering the implementation of project management in their
organisation must understand what project management is, implementation and it
evaluation (control) and can this get an answer or solution to their problems.
It must be in their mind that the success of project
management has to be planned, implemented and evaluated (control).
Nigeria as a country is undergoing a careful process of
privatisation and commercialisation.
Meaning that in the future virtually most organisational set up will
operate as private organisation as all inputs will be channeled primarily for
profit maximization. It is therefore
pertinent that if organisation must go private then project management
knowledge can never be over emphasised or ignored since all activities are
geared toward appropriate attaining success in the implementation of
organisational projects and programmes.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The aims and objective of the study are:
1.
To critically assess the
project management as it increase organizational productivity.
2.
To bring to light the
role of Project management in an organization.
3.
To find out the needs for
project management.
4.
To identify the
shortcoming of project management in an organization.
1.4 STATEMENT
OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis is formulated:
Ho: Project
management has no significant impact on organizational productivity.
Hi: Project
management has significant impact on organizational productivity
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
Research is usually made to bring out problems and
solutions to prevailing problems or solutions to the area of study or to
improve upon what has been in existence.
The objectives of the essay is to study project management
and possibly discuss concisely, the method and procedure used by successful
project managers, and will print out the pit falls to be avoided in
implementing a project.
It is in partial fulfilment of the award of Higher National
Diploma (HND) in Production and Operations Management.
The work can be very useful to those who are engaged into
project management in organizations and to the student studying business
management as a course.
Many projects that have been initiated with the best of
intentions have faltered and failed because the project manager did not provide
a workable organization with adequate line of communication. This essay will serve as a guide for project
management.
1.6 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
This research work writing is restricted to Nigeria
bottling company and to assess the ipact of project management in the
organization.
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
There is no how one can carryout this type of research
without facing one problem or the other. The researcher is face with the
following problems during the cause of the study:
Lack of Finance: Finance is one of the factor that hindered the
researcher in course of this work. The cost of transportation and cost of
typing are seriously beyond expectation.
Time: Time no matter how it is, is not enough for this
research. The reason is that the researcher has to combine the class work,
assignment, and personal activities. Likewise, the time frame for the
submission of the project is too short.
Inadequate Material:
The researcher found it difficult to get materials needed
for the research, there were no adequate text books in the library for the
researcher to make references to.
Lack of cooperation
from the staff of Nigerian Bottling Company:
This is another major constraint of
any research work. The researcher cannot get adequate information from the
staff, since they are afraid of given out vital information regarding the
organization.
1.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING
COMPANY PLC KADUNA
Nigeria
Bottling company plc, is a bottler of coca-cola, fanta sprite, coca-cola was
first made on the 8th may, 1886 by Dr, John Styth Perberton, a
pharmacist in his town Atlanta Georgia USA. Frank M. Robison assisted Dr.
Perberton in the preparation of coca-cola. He also designed the following
script that distinguished the famous trade mark.
Coca-cola
content remain a secret for ever 100 years. The formulate known as MERCHANDISE
7X is kept in a special security valt in a bank in the United states of
America. Coca-cola Worlds leading soft drinks sold on more than 145 countries.
A total of
250 million servings are consumed everyday in all part of the globe from Canada
in the North to Argentina and news Zealand in the south from Alaska to China
from Mexico to Nigeria.
Coca-cola
first came to Nigeria in 1953 when Nigeria Bottling Company set up its first
plant in Lagos. Nigerian bottling company is today Nigerians number one bottler
of soft drinks selling more than ten million bottles per day.
Ice cold
coca-cola cannot be compared with any soft drink, fanta also is far the number
one best seller in the orange segment and Krest Bitter lemon, most widely sold
lemon lime drinks in Nigeria other product, bottle by Nigeria Bottling company
include fanta lemon, Chapman, fanta tonic, fanta Ginger Ale club soda, Eva
water and five Alive.
The
success of coca-cola has brought with the development of number of industries
all contributing to the growth of the Nigerian economy, the Delta glass company
in Ughelli which supplies the millions of bottles in operation, and the car on
product factories in Ijebu-ode and Kano to seal the bottles, the Bennin city
plastic crates for carrying bottles. It should be noted that Nigerian Bottling
company have diversifies into other areas which investment was incurred. The
agric seeds for farmers located in Zaria, the rice processing at Afuze in Edo
state is a part of diversification which Nigerian Bottling company had
invested.
In
addition, the trucks which are familiar sight in many parts of the country,
deliver soft drinks to more than 65,000 dealers are also assembled in Ibadan
Nigeria. Nigeria Bottling Company is
also the largest manufacturers of C02 in the country used to carbonate, your
favourites soft drinks. Nigeria Bottling Company employs over 7,000 Nigerians
in all field of operation.
Nigeria
Bottling Company Kaduna was established in 1976 under the Northern region. The
Kaduna plant is divided into the following division:-
Administrative Department:-
This is headed by the plant manager who control all activities In the plant.
Finance Department:- This
is headed by the finance manager, who handled the cash flow of the plant,
signing vouchers and budget preparations.
Sales Department:-
this headed by the plant sales manager who is in-charge of sales, advertisement
and promotion of product the plant sales manager is assisted by other two
managers, one is the area sales manager in-charge of the plant sale trucks and
Zaria’s Depot for proper coordination of activities. These two manager report
directed to the plant manager.
Production Department:-
This department is headed by the Bottling Hall manager who is in-charge of
Bottling all the workshop managers which is responsible for the repairs an the
maintenance of all the company vehicles.
Personnel Department:-
This is headed by the plant personnel manager who is in-charge manpower
development of human resources management.
Engineering department:-
This position is headed by to engineer; sharing sections they are responsible
for maintenance and repairs of machines and all the electrical installation of
the company.
Quality Assurance Department:-
This is headed by quality Assurance manager who is a Biologist in-charge of
quality standard syrups before a
production take place.
The
company is operating a three shift syrup to enable exigencies if a raise in production.
The company structure is such that it is headed by an executive chairman who is
Nigerian and a General manager who is an expatriate. The company is having five
regional offices namely Northern region, North –east region, south east region,
south-west region and west region each being headed by a Regional General
manager (RGM)
The
main objectives of Nigeria Bottling Company is to satisfy the needs of their
customers alike in their area of operation namely the production or provision
of soft drinks and in the process provide employment and maximize profitability
of the enterprise. Quality is the key word, which determine the success of the
whole operation only the very best
ingredients are used for making of soft drink with assistance of sophisticated
filling and washing equipment installed in all plants hygiene is maintained in
all plant to ensure top quality product, that reach the consumers, presently
there about eight plant at Kaduna, Markudi, Jos, Maiduguri, Sokoto, Ilorin and
Kano, Katsina.
1.9 DEFINITIONS
OF TERMS
Board of Directors: A group elected or appointed to oversee
the management of an organisation.
Budgets: Formal quantitative statement of the
resource allocated to a specific programme or project for a given period.
Command Group: A group
composed of a Manager and his/her subordinates who interact with each other
toward a common goal.
Controlling: The
process of monitoring actual organisational activities to see that they conform
to planned activities and connecting flaws or deviations.
Co-ordination: The
integration of the activities of the separate parts of an organisation in
accomplishing organisational goal.
Delegation: The act
of assigning formal authority and responsibility for completion of specific
activities to a subordinate.
Forecasting: The attempt using specific techniques to
predict outcome and project future trends.
Goals: The basic direction
of an organisation its purpose, mission and objective
Group: Two or more people
who interact to accomplish individual or mutual goals.
Management: the
process of planning organising leading and controlling work of organisation
members and of using all available organisational resources to reach stated
organisational goals
Objectives: the
target goals of an organisation toward which resource and efforts are
channelled.
Planning: the
process of establishing objectives and suitable course of action before taking
action.
Productivity: a
measure of performance of a worker or an operative system relative to resource
utilisation output divided by input
Programme: A
single use plan that covers a relatively large set of organisational activities
and specifies major steps, their order and timing, and unit responsible for
each step